Financial regulation (2024)

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Financial regulation (3)

Complaint Handling

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There is an unparalleled level of regulatory reform taking place globally across financial services. These reforms aim at reducing global markets systemic risk by making them safer. Regulations involving restructuring banks, increasing tax transparency or strengthening capital requirements, are being drawn up and rolled out. These are complex and in many cases overlap products and regional jurisdictions.

Introduction to financial regulation

After the 2008 financial crisis, governments across the world were empowered to push for financial reforms designed to provide greater transparency of transactions and reduce risk in order to make financial systems more stable and better regulated, and to make global markets safer. Furthermore, new capital and bank structure rules are intended to strengthen resilience to any future financial crises and to provide greater consumer protection.

HSBC is committed to implementing the resulting regulations and raise the level of awareness of the reforms among our clients.

Financial regulation (4)

Regulatory Disclosures

Several regulations require financial institutions such as HSBC to publically disclose specific information. These disclosures contribute to increased transparency in financial markets and help market participants make informed decisions.

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AIFMD

The aim of the Alternative Investment Funds Directive (AIFMD), agreed on 8 June 2011, was to establish common requirements governing the authorisation, operations and supervision of AIFMs in order to provide a coherent approach to the related risks and their impact on investors and markets in the European Union.

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BCBS Margin rules

Since 1 September 2016, new initial margin (IM) and variation margin (VM) requirements for non-centrally cleared over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives have been introduced and applied to jurisdictions globally.

These new margin rules originate from a global policy framework and timetable that was published by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the International Organization of Securities Commissions (BCBS-IOSCO). They seek to reduce systemic risk in the non-centrally cleared OTC derivatives markets by ensuring appropriate collateral is available to offset losses caused by the default of a counterparty.

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Financial regulation (5)

Central Securities Depositories Regulation

Following the 2008 financial crisis, the European Commission decided that national Central Securities Depositories (CSDs), in their position as key institutions performing the vital post-trade process of securities settlement, as well as maintaining records of securities accounts and transactions, needed to harmonise their practices and improve the safety and efficiency of transaction settlement.

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Deposit Guarantee Scheme Directive (DGSD)

The European Commission proposed in July 2010 a comprehensive review of the Directive on Deposit Guarantee Schemes (DGS) aimed at harmonising and simplifying the Directive in order to improve protection of deposits, maintain depositor confidence, and strengthen the safety net.

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Dodd-Frank Act

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (DFA) was enacted to reduce systemic risk, increase transparency, and promote market integrity within the financial system. In particular, Title VII mandates major structural reform to the Over-The-Counter (OTC) derivatives market.

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Dodd-Frank Volcker Rule

The objective of the Volcker Rule is to stop all proprietary trading (which is defined quite broadly) by commercial banks (such as HSBC) i.e. to cease any risky trading by banking institutions that has no benefit to its customers. It also seeks to prevent the requirements being by-passed by ownership/investment in hedge funds or private equity funds.

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SRD II

The Shareholder Rights Directive II (SRD II) is a European Union (EU) directive, which aims to strengthen the position of shareholders and ensure that decisions are made for the long-term stability of companies. The rules, which will amend the original SRD which came into effect in 2007, are designed to materially enhance corporate governance standards at companies which are registered within the European Economic Area (EEA), and whose securities are traded on EEA regulated markets.

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Financial regulation (7)

EMIR

The European Markets and Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) is a European Union law that aims to reduce the risks posed to the financial system by derivatives transactions in the following three main ways: reporting of derivatives trades to an authorised trade repository; clearing derivatives trades if entities' derivative trading exceeds certain thresholds; and mitigating the risks associated with derivatives trades by, for example, exchanging margin, reconciling portfolios periodically and agreeing dispute resolution procedures between counterparties.

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Financial regulation (8)

FMSB

The Financial Markets Standards Board (“FMSB”) was established in 2015 as a private sector response to the Conduct problems revealed in global wholesale Fixed Income Currencies and Commodities (“FICC”) markets after the financial crisis. FMSB’s purpose is to help raise standards of conduct in global wholesale markets and thereby make those markets more transparent, fair and effective.

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Financial regulation (9)

Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA)’s market reform

In 2011 and 2012, the HKMA and Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) consulted the market on a proposed regulatory regime for the Over-The-Counter (OTC) derivatives market. To comply with strict international standards, the new regulatory regime focused heavily on the OTC derivatives markets, including reporting of specified OTC derivatives transactions to the Hong Kong Trade Repository (HKTR), clearing of specified transactions at designated Central Counterparties and margining of non-cleared derivatives.

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IBOR reforms

Interest rate benchmarks including, among others, the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR), the Euro Overnight Index Average (EONIA) and certain other Interbank Offered Rates (IBORs) are being reformed. These reforms are expected to cause some interest rate benchmarks to either perform differently to the way that they do currently or to disappear. This may impact the HSBC products and services you currently use and those we may provide in the future.

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MiFID II

The EU's revised Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) and Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation (together MiFID II) came into effect on 3 January 2018. MiFID II seeks to make financial markets in Europe more resilient, transparent and investor-friendly and is part of a number of measures enacted in response to the financial crisis. These include the European Markets Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR), which seeks to make the EU's OTC derivative market safer, and the Securities Transactions Regulation (SFTR) which seeks to regulate the EU's shadow-banking sector.

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Qualified Financial Contract (QFC) Stay Rules

The Qualified Financial Contract ("QFC") Resolution Stay Regulations ("US QFC Stay Rules") are designed to improve the resolvability and resilience of US global systemically important organizations ("G-SIBs") and the US operations of foreign G-SIBs by mitigating the risk of destabilizing closeouts of QFCs upon an event of a G-SIBs insolvency.

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SFTR

The EU has introduced the Securities Financing Transaction Regulation (SFTR) to increase transparency in the Securities Finance markets following policies introduced by the Financial Stability Board in the wake of the Financial Crisis. Although the EU is the first to implement rules in this space, other regulatory bodies are expected to follow.

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Financial regulation (10)

T+1 settlement cycle in the US, Canada and Mexico

The settlement cycle in the US, Canada and Mexico will be shortened from two business days after trade (T+2) to one business day (T+1) in May 2024. Discover how this change is expected to impact all market participants, including buy-side firms and end-investors.

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UK Banking Reform

The Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act of 2013 is a UK Government proposal aiming to impose higher standards of conduct on the UK’s banks. It also looks to improve their loss-absorbing capacity and outlines plans for the “ring-fencing" of retail and wholesale banking activities.

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Find out more about Financial Regulation

Regulatory disclosures

AIFMD

BCBS Margin rules

Central Securities Depositories Regulation

Deposit Guarantee Scheme Directive (DGSD)

Dodd-Frank Act

Dodd-Frank Volcker Rule

EMIR

FMSB

Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA)’s market reform

IBOR reforms

Client Safe Custody Asset Registration by Market

MiFID II

Qualified Financial Contract (QFC) Stay Rules

SFTR

SRD II

T+1 settlement cycle in the US, Canada and Mexico

UK Banking Reform

2002 ISDA Master Agreement

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Financial regulation (11)

For more information, please contact your HSBC representative.

Financial regulation (2024)

FAQs

What is financial regulation in simple words? ›

Financial regulation refers to the rules and laws firms operating in the financial industry, such as banks, credit unions, insurance companies, financial brokers and asset managers must follow.

What are the major goals of financial regulation? ›

The primary purpose of financial regulation is to improve the functioning of that system. The design of financial regulation is thus ultimately an exercise in economics—applying the analytic tools of economics to determine the legal and regulatory framework best suited to correcting the failures of a financial system.

Why is regulation of financial system important? ›

Financial regulation and government guarantees, such as deposit insurance, are intended to protect consumers and investors and to ensure that the financial system remains stable and continues to make funding available for investments that support the economy.

What were some regulatory responses to the financial crisis? ›

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (EESA) which created the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) helped to quell the financial crisis of 2008. The creation of the CFPB and FSOC helps to monitor financial institutions and protect consumers.

What is a regulation answer? ›

1. a law, rule, or other order prescribed by authority, esp. to regulate conduct. 2. the act of regulating or the state of being regulated.

What is the purpose of regulation? ›

Regulation consists of requirements the government imposes on private firms and individuals to achieve government's purposes. These include better and cheaper services and goods, protection of existing firms from “unfair” (and fair) competition, cleaner water and air, and safer workplaces and products.

What are the three pillars of financial regulation? ›

The Basel II framework operates under three pillars: Capital adequacy requirements. Supervisory review. Market discipline.

How to improve financial regulation? ›

In order to do this, it is necessary to monitor economics and markets and to understand as accurately as possible the strategies and activities of financial institutions, in addition to conducting intensive communications with financial institutions and market participants.

What is the nature of financial regulation? ›

Financial regulation concerns the relationship between the society as a whole, ie the State, and financial market participants. The former imposes behavioural rules in the form of orders and prohibitions on the latter, comparable to traffic rules.

What are the benefits of regulation? ›

Proponents of intervention say it's necessary to mitigate the adverse impacts of unregulated commerce, which can include environmental damage and labor abuse. Regulations can also support businesses, such as when they provide financial assistance or patent protection.

Who controls monetary? ›

The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 gave the Federal Reserve responsibility for setting monetary policy. The Federal Reserve controls the three tools of monetary policy--open market operations, the discount rate, and reserve requirements.

Who regulates financial institutions? ›

There are numerous agencies assigned to regulate and oversee financial institutions and financial markets in the United States, including the Federal Reserve Board (FRB), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC), and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

What are the arguments for and against the regulation of the financial industry? ›

Stiglitz holds the view that “a better-regulated financial system would actually be more innovative in ways that mattered”. An argument against regulation is that it makes firms less efficient because they have to bear the cost of compliance.

How to prevent a financial crisis? ›

  1. Maximize Your Liquid Savings.
  2. Make a Budget.
  3. Minimize Your Monthly Bills.
  4. Closely Manage Your Bills.
  5. Maximize Non-Cash Assets Value.
  6. Pay Down Credit Card Debt.
  7. Get a Better Credit Card Deal.
  8. Earn Extra Cash.

What really caused the financial crisis in the United States? ›

The catalysts for the GFC were falling US house prices and a rising number of borrowers unable to repay their loans. House prices in the United States peaked around mid 2006, coinciding with a rapidly rising supply of newly built houses in some areas.

What are financial regulations in local government? ›

Financial regulations provide the framework for managing the Council's financial affairs. They apply to the Mayor, every elected Member and officer of the Council and anyone acting on its behalf.

What is regulation and its example? ›

Common examples of regulation include limits on environmental pollution, laws against child labor or other employment regulations, minimum wages laws, regulations requiring truthful labelling of the ingredients in food and drugs, and food and drug safety regulations establishing minimum standards of testing and quality ...

What is the definition of regulation quizlet? ›

Regulations. A law, rule or other order prescribed by authority, especially to regulate conduct. Legislators. Body of people whose jobs to enact laws.

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